英語論文格式范文
在英文論文寫作中論文格式的統(tǒng)一要求有著不可或缺的意義，下面是小編搜集整理的英語論文格式范文，供大家閱讀參考。
Idiom Translation under the Chinese
and English Cultures
Class XXX Student’s Number XXX
Name XXX
(說明：關(guān)鍵詞Key Words為加粗。冒號后加空格再接關(guān)鍵詞，相鄰詞間用逗號分隔。每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞的首字母大寫。
從“摘要”開始到“參考文獻(xiàn)”結(jié)束，所有正文的字體均為Times New Roman，12磅;兩端對齊。均采用1.5倍行距)
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping,2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 緣木求魚 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 錯(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì)
Trim the sails to the wind 順勢前進(jìn)
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不補(bǔ)要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，對牛彈琴, 眾人拾柴火焰高,竹籃打水一場空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，�？菔癄�，海闊天空，海底撈針，海市蜃樓......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.2.1 Colours
2.2.2 Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods: 3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Translation with Notes
3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 書名(英語的.斜體). (出版地：)出版社，年份：參考內(nèi)容頁碼
[*] 作者. 文章名(英語的斜體). 刊物名稱. (出版地：)出版社，年份 [1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新編大學(xué)翻譯教程》. 北京：世界知識出版社, 2007
[11] 馬愛英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻譯》. 北京：科學(xué)出版社, 2006
[12] 孫致禮(Sun Zhili).《新編英漢翻譯教程》. 上海：上海外語教學(xué)出版社, 2008
[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英漢語文問題面面觀》. 北京：北京高等教育出版社, 2006
[14] Information on http://www.weld.labs.gov.cn
英文論文撰寫格式說明
1. 論文電子版制作均采用MS-Word軟件
2. 頁面設(shè)置(操作—點(diǎn)擊“文件”里的“頁面設(shè)置”進(jìn)行)
1)新建WORD文檔，選用A4紙并進(jìn)行如下頁面設(shè)置：
2)頁邊距：上3cm，下1.7cm，左2cm，右2cm，裝訂線0cm。
3)版式：頁眉1.25cm，頁腳0.5cm。
4)文檔格式：請?jiān)?ldquo;網(wǎng)格”里選用“無網(wǎng)格”項(xiàng)。
5) 行距：1.5倍行距。
6) 段落起始縮進(jìn)三個(gè)英文字符。
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