略論陶淵明飲酒詩(shī)的意象

摘   要

陶淵明是我國(guó)古代文學(xué)史上第1個(gè)大量創(chuàng)作飲酒詩(shī)的人，其飲酒詩(shī)在其創(chuàng)作的作品中占有10分重要的地位。陶淵明的飲酒詩(shī)在詩(shī)歌意象藝術(shù)的創(chuàng)造上立意超拔，取象新鮮，平淡自然，真實(shí)婉轉(zhuǎn)，具有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值，特別是詩(shī)中的很多具體意象（如鳥(niǎo)、菊（松）、酒等）都有其深刻的象征隱喻意義。例如，陶淵明飲酒詩(shī)的鳥(niǎo)意象通過(guò)“對(duì)飛鳥(niǎo)的向往”和“對(duì)歸鳥(niǎo)的思慕”兩個(gè)方面表達(dá)了他的偉大理想和情懷；另外，在陶淵明的飲酒詩(shī)中，菊（松）那種“高風(fēng)亮節(jié)”和“超然物外”的高貴品格凸現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人敢于抗?fàn)�、勇于奮斗的精神；而在酒意象上，詩(shī)人在飲酒詩(shī)中1方面借“酒”詠懷，另1方面“酒”中求道，展現(xiàn)了自己敢怒敢言、自然任真的英雄本色和名士風(fēng)流。這些意象寄托著詩(shī)人的理想和情操，是詩(shī)人人格的再現(xiàn)。只有將陶淵明飲酒詩(shī)中的這些意象的藝術(shù)性和思想性完美地統(tǒng)1起來(lái)，才能真正把握陶淵明詩(shī)歌，才能真正認(rèn)識(shí)陶淵明其人。
關(guān)鍵詞：陶淵明；飲酒詩(shī)；意象

ABSTRACT

Tao Yuanming was our country ancient times in the history of literature the first massive creations drinks wine the poem person, it drank wine the poem to hold the extremely important status in its creation work, Tao Yuanming drinks wine the poem in the poetry image art creation excellent, fresh, the light nature, real was persuasive, has the extremely high artistic value, specially in poem very many concrete images (for example the bird, the chrysanthemum (pine), liquor and so on) all had its profound symbolic metaphor significance. First, Tao Yuanming drank wine the poem bird image is passes and "to turns over to birds admiring" "to birds yearning for" two aspects to express his noble ideal and the mood; Next, drinks wine in the poem in Tao Yuanming, the chrysanthemum (pine) that kind "was honest" and "relaxed" the noble moral character to unfold the spirit which own dared to resist, dares to struggle; Finally, the poet on the one hand borrows "the liquor" to chant the bosom, on the other hand "the liquor" center asks to say, unfolded own to dare to get angry dares the word, the nature no matter what the real true quality of a hero and the famous litterateur were loose. These images are reposing poets ideal and the sentiment, is the poet personality reappearance. Only then drinks wine in the poem these images artistry Tao Yuanming and the ideological nature perfectly unifies, can grasp the Tao Yuanming poetry truly, can know Tao Yuanming its person truly.
Key words: Tao Yuanming; Drinks wine the poem; Image

 

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