捕捉“關(guān)鍵詞”,巧答高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力題

      高考聽(tīng)力測(cè)試是為了考查學(xué)生理解口頭英語(yǔ)的能力，著重檢測(cè)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的能力，即考查學(xué)生獲取信息和處理信息的能力。但聽(tīng)力材料中包含了大量的信息，如何從這些紛繁復(fù)雜的信息中快速提取有價(jià)值的信息呢？這就需要特別關(guān)注聽(tīng)力材料中的某些“關(guān)鍵詞”。盡管很多聽(tīng)力材料比較冗長(zhǎng)，情景相對(duì)復(fù)雜，但其中的“關(guān)鍵詞”恰恰反映了整篇聽(tīng)力材料的“主旨”，因此解答聽(tīng)力題就是要正確捕捉“關(guān)鍵詞”。
　　根據(jù)聽(tīng)力材料中“關(guān)鍵詞”的差異，筆者把聽(tīng)力題分成了四類(lèi)題：時(shí)間約會(huì)題、交易購(gòu)物題、天氣狀況題、時(shí)事新聞?lì)}。
　　1．捕捉時(shí)間關(guān)鍵詞，巧答時(shí)間約會(huì)題
　　此類(lèi)題常見(jiàn)的一些時(shí)間關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示：
　　例如：
　　Question: What time will the ship leave?
　　M: The ship leaves in twenty-five minutes.
　　W: Oh, it’s only six-forty now.
　　解析：現(xiàn)在是6：40，然后再向后推25分鐘，即可得出答案是7：05。
　　這類(lèi)聽(tīng)力題往往涉及到時(shí)間的計(jì)算問(wèn)題，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的時(shí)間關(guān)鍵詞的用法以及這些關(guān)鍵詞之間的細(xì)微差別，然后通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)算得到正確的答案。
　　2．捕捉金錢(qián)關(guān)鍵詞，巧答交易購(gòu)物題
　　常見(jiàn)的金錢(qián)類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示，
　　例如：Question: How much will the man save for what he is buying?
　　W: These toys are on special sale this week. They have been reduced by 5 dollars each.
　　M: All right. I’ll take two. Will you wrap them two for me?
　　解析：5乘2當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是10 dollars.
　　又如：Question: How much does the man pay for the sweater?
　　W: It’s…seventy-five dollars plus tax.
　　M: Hmm, since you like it so much, I can bring down the price by 10 percent.
　　解析：75 dollars 再減10%應(yīng)該是67.5 dollars.
　　這類(lèi)聽(tīng)力題往往也涉及到金錢(qián)的計(jì)算問(wèn)題，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的時(shí)間關(guān)鍵詞的用法以及這些關(guān)鍵詞之間的細(xì)微差別，然后通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)算得到正確的答案。
　　3．捕捉天氣關(guān)鍵詞，巧答天氣狀況題
　　常見(jiàn)的天氣類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示，
　　例如：
　�、貿(mào)uestion: What’s the weather like in Scotland in the morning?
　　A. cold but clearB. sunnyC. windy with rain
　�、贗n which place may there be ice on the road?
　　A. In northern EnglandB. In London C. In Scotland
　�、踂hat’s the weather like in many places of Cardiff in the evening?
　　A. Cold and fogB. Snowy C. Rainy
　�、躓hen will London be likely to have some sun?
　　A. Tomorrow afternoonB. This morning C. This afternoon
　　聽(tīng)力原文：
　　Very strong winds will bring rain to Scotland and most of northern England in the morning. These winds will die away during the afternoon to give a cold clear night and there may be ice on the roads in Scotland. The rest of England and Wales will have a dry day, and in London temperatures will be higher than normal at this time of year. The evening will be cold with fog in many places in Cardiff, but temperatures will not be low enough for ice to form.
　　Tomorrow will be a windy day with rain everywhere until around noon. In the afternoon the rain will clear from the southwest, bringing fine weather to many parts by the evening and there may be some sun in London. But temperatures will be low and the winds may bring some snow anywhere in the north and west before morning.
　　解析：文章開(kāi)篇通過(guò)地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間詞“Scotland in the morning”的復(fù)現(xiàn)，讓我們很清楚的知道了答案；而第二題考查的對(duì)象是地點(diǎn)，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候刻意地注意一下地點(diǎn)即可；第三題的問(wèn)題有很強(qiáng)的指令性，抓住題干中的“Cardiff in the evening”就可以答題了；第四題詢(xún)問(wèn)的是時(shí)間，但是結(jié)合地點(diǎn)“London”之后問(wèn)題也會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單了。
　　針對(duì)此類(lèi)題目，首先我們要掌握以上表格中的關(guān)鍵詞，同時(shí)，注意觀察一下題目特點(diǎn)，若是涉及到某一時(shí)段某地的天氣，那么在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，留意一下這些時(shí)間即可得分。
　　4．捕捉新聞關(guān)鍵詞，巧答時(shí)事新聞?lì)}
　　常見(jiàn)的新聞?lì)愱P(guān)鍵詞主要是和日期有關(guān)，具體如下表所示:
　　例如：
　　Question:①When did the earthquake take place? ____.
　　A. On TuesdayB. On WednesdayC. On Thursday
　�、赪hat happened to the boy in the earthquake? ____.
　　A. He was badly hurtB. He was buried under a refrigeratorC. He was slightly wounded
　�、跦ow did the boy survive the big earthquake? ____.
　　A. He stayed in a refrigerator
　　 B. His father pulled him out in time
　C. Their house escaped the earthquake
　�、軭ow many people were killed in the earthquake? ____.
　　A. About 500B. About 5,000 C. About 50,000
　　聽(tīng)力原文：
　　We interrupt this program to bring you a special news report.
　　A six-year-old boy has been found alive after spending almost 10 hours in a refrigerator that was buffed under tons of ruins in the big earthquake that took place early on the morning of Wednesday last week.
　　The boy, Tom, was found early yesterday in the village of Sem as rescuers were working to pull his father out of the ruins of their home.
　　Hearing a faint cry of “Get me out, get me out”, the rescuers dug down another 1.5 m and found the boy in the refrigerator. He was pronounced in good condition, suffering only four or five minor wounds.
　　Tom’s eight brothers and sisters died in the earthquake, which officials say may have killed as many as 5,000 people.
　　By yesterday afternoon, foreign doctors were leaving the earthquake area, as hope had faded of finding any more survivors.
　　Now we return you to the mid-afternoon music show.
　　解析：這是一篇很典型的時(shí)事新聞報(bào)道，第一題考查的是事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間，第二、三兩題考查的是與新聞人物有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，而第四題則是數(shù)字，在聽(tīng)力材料中都有清楚的表述，如果明確了新聞?lì)愵}材考查的重點(diǎn)，正確答題也不是難事。
　　新聞?lì)愵}材如果注意時(shí)間，同時(shí)結(jié)合人數(shù)，以及一些特有的人物所發(fā)生的細(xì)節(jié)，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候定能事半功倍。
　　高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力理解題主要是考查英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)交際能力,理解說(shuō)話(huà)者的主題思想和內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),領(lǐng)悟說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn),所以考生應(yīng)對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)背景、雙方關(guān)系以及對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容的言外之意做出正確快捷的判斷,聽(tīng)聽(tīng)力之前充分看題，找出關(guān)鍵詞（key words）, 包括時(shí)間，最高級(jí)，否定詞，性別等；在每段材料聽(tīng)完之后，迅速反應(yīng)，選出最佳答案。同時(shí)，學(xué)生在具備了一定的聽(tīng)力知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上還應(yīng)該掌握一些解題技巧，這種技巧的培養(yǎng)更能讓學(xué)生在高考英語(yǔ)的聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中得心應(yīng)手。

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