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探析高考英語書面表達(dá)備考策略
摘要:書面表達(dá)在高考英語中起著舉足輕重的作用,因此,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的書面表達(dá)是高中英語教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容之一。本文從幾個方面談?wù)摿烁呖加⒄Z書面表達(dá)的備考策略。關(guān)鍵詞:書面表達(dá);高考;備考策略
書面表達(dá)在高考英語中起著舉足輕重的作用,因此,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的書面表達(dá)是高中英語教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容之一。如何提高高三學(xué)生的書面表達(dá)能力是高三英語教學(xué)的一大課題。高考英語書面表達(dá)的三個基本要求是切題、達(dá)意和連貫。而語言表述不當(dāng)和寫作技巧缺失是阻礙考生得分的主要原因,主要表現(xiàn)在審題不清,內(nèi)容不全、語法混亂、詞法誤用、拼寫錯誤、母語思維、書寫潦草、卷面不整潔等多方面。針對學(xué)生存在的諸多問題,我們從以下方面著手訓(xùn)練備考:
一、強化基礎(chǔ)知識
扎實的基本功是寫好書面表達(dá)的前提和基礎(chǔ)。在第一輪復(fù)習(xí)中,狠抓詞匯、短語和常用句型,要求學(xué)生熟記單詞,掌握單詞的語意和用法,短語使用得體,句型使用符合英語習(xí)慣。通過英漢互譯,句中練,練中改,從易到難,循序漸進,讓學(xué)生擁有一定的語言基礎(chǔ)。
1.強調(diào)容易拼寫錯誤的單詞
例如:I belive we will make a difference some day. (belive應(yīng)為believe)
Nowdays more and more students carry mobilephones on campus. (nowdays應(yīng)為nowadays)
I am writting to tell you that… (writting應(yīng)為writing)
2.辨析相似詞匯
為了讓學(xué)生分辨單詞live和stay之間的區(qū)別,要求學(xué)生結(jié)合語境選出正確的答案:
He was born in a small village in 1980. Since then, he has______ there.(lived)
He is going to America to spend his holiday this summer. He plans to _____ there for a month. (stay)
為了讓學(xué)生辨別與“家”有關(guān)的單詞family, house 和 home,要求學(xué)生做如下英漢互譯練習(xí):
他家要搬走了:His family is going to move.
他要搬新家了:He is going to move to a new house.
他全家都是老師:His family are all teachers.
他家被燒毀了,他的家人也去世了,他暫時棲身在賓館。His house was burnt and his family were dead, so he made her home in a hotel for a time.
通過做此練習(xí),學(xué)生基本上能分辨這三個詞:指家庭和家里的人,但不指住房;指住宅,居住的房屋;是一個帶感情色彩的詞,指全家人共同生活的地方,不一定含有特定建筑物的意思,但特別強調(diào)家的氛圍和環(huán)境。
3.辨清詞性,避免詞法誤用
During you are here, you can stay with us. (during是介詞,這里需要連詞while)
With time goes by we come to love him. (with是介詞,這里需要連詞as)
Most people against the plan. (against是介詞,不是動詞,需要在其前加are)
I sure that we’ll succeed one day. (sure是形容詞,不是動詞,需要在其前加am)
二、從詞到句,從句到篇
許多學(xué)生一提起寫書面表達(dá),叫苦連連,恐懼之情呈現(xiàn)在臉上。為了幫助學(xué)生克服這種畏難情緒,筆者給出部分單詞或短語連詞成句,連句成篇,把書面表達(dá)化難為易,促使學(xué)生直接用英語思維,避免漢式英語,有利于減少學(xué)生書面表達(dá)中的錯誤,增強學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的信心。
1.使用部分信息,寫出一短話
例如:I invited a friend to dinner——expensive restaurant——good meal——asked for the bill——not enough money——borrowed some from my guest
The day before yesterday I invited a friend to dinner. It was an expensive restaurant and we had a good meal. When I asked for the bill, I found I didn’t have enough money. So I had to borrow some from my guest. How embarrassed I was!
2.給出相應(yīng)的動詞,“搭橋”成篇
運用該方法時,教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生依據(jù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,選擇相應(yīng)的動詞,然后補全這些動詞的主語和賓語等,最后連句成篇。例如,筆者讓學(xué)生做2008年北京高考試題中的書面表達(dá)時采用了以下做法:
第一步,動作呈現(xiàn):(讓學(xué)生根據(jù)畫面說出表達(dá)主要動作的短語)
have a class meeting;come up with;decide to go;set off early;enjoy a beautiful view;reach the top;find litter;pick up the litter;put into
第二步,補全句子:
We had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing.
We came up with several choices.
We decided to go mountain climbing.
We set off early in the morning
We enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
When we reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there.
We started to pick up the litter.
We put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin.
第三步,連句并稍加修飾成篇:
Last Thursday, we had a clas
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