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血液透析中癥狀性低血壓的影響因素分析
【關(guān)鍵詞】 腎透析【摘要】 目的 分析不同年齡組血液透析中癥狀性低血壓的發(fā)生率及其與超濾量(UFV)、超濾率(UFR)、單位體重超濾量(UFV/W)和透析中不同時段的關(guān)系。方法 將35例維持性血液透析(HD)患者分為老年組和非老年組,分別統(tǒng)計其合并癥和癥狀性低血壓發(fā)生率及各時段癥狀性低血壓數(shù),并與UFV、UFR、UFV/W進行相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果 癥狀性低血壓發(fā)生率老年組為21.1%,明顯高于非老年組的14.9%,老年組低血壓發(fā)生率與UFV、UFR相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為r=0.962,r=0.958。超濾量>3L、超濾率>750ml/h時低血壓發(fā)生率分別為29.9%和32.9%以上,非老年組低血壓發(fā)生率與UFV、UFR相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為r=0.897,r=0.918。超濾量>4L、超濾率>1000ml/h時低血壓發(fā)生率在26.8%和39.6%以上。兩組在HD第3h、4h時段低血壓例數(shù)明顯高于HD開始1h、2h時段。結(jié)論 UFV、UFR過大是癥狀性低血壓的關(guān)鍵,特別是超濾量>3~4L,超濾率>750~1000ml/h低血壓發(fā)生率更高。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 腎透析;低血壓;超濾
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the relationship between the incidence of symptomatic hypotension and ultrafiltration volume (UFV),ultrafiltration rate (UFR),UFV per weight (UFV/W) and the different periods during the hematodialysis in different age.Methods 35 cases of maintenance hemodialysis were divided into the old age group or non-old age group.The complications,symptomatic hypotension cases and incidence were observed and the relationships between them and UFV,UFR and UFV/W were analyzed.Results The incidence of symptomatic hypotension in the old age group was 21.1%,which was higher than that in the non- old age group(14.9%) obviously.The coefficient correlation between the incidence of symptomatic hypotension and UFV,UFR in the old age group were 0.962 and 0.958 respectively.The incidences of symptomatic hypotension were 29.9% and 32.9% respectively when UFV was over 3L and UFR was over 750ml/hr.The coefficient correlation between the incidence of symptomatic hypotension and UFV,UFR in the non-old age group were 0.897 and 0.918 respectively.The incidences of symptomatic hypotension were 26.8% and 39.6% respectively when UFV was over 4L and UFR was over 1000ml/hr.The frequency of symptomatic hypotension during the third and fourth period in two groups was obviously increased than the first and second period during maintenance hemodialysis.Conclusion It is the key cause of symptomatic hypotension that UFV and UFR are excess,especially UFV is over 3~4L and UFR over 750~1000ml/hr.
【Key words】 renal dialysis;hypotension;ultrafiltration
低血壓是血液透析中最常見的并發(fā)癥,而超濾量過多是產(chǎn)生癥狀性低血壓主要原因,為了探討不同年齡癥狀性低血壓與超濾量的關(guān)系,確立安全合適的超濾量和超濾速度,現(xiàn)對我院35例3453例次血液透析資料分析如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 所有病例均為穩(wěn)定的維持性血液透析病人,其中高血壓腎病10例,糖尿病腎病7例,多囊腎2例,慢性腎小球腎炎13例,狼瘡性腎炎1例,梗阻性腎病2例。按年齡分為兩組:老年組為60歲以上的患者14例,男9例,女5例,平均年齡(70.7±9.3)歲;非老年組為60歲以下的患者21例,男12例,女9例,平均年齡(38.6±5.2)歲。
1.2 血液透析方法 均采用德國產(chǎn)Fressenius 4008 B血液透析機、聚砜膜透析器、碳酸氫鹽透析液,透析液流量500ml/min,血流量180~250ml/min,透析液溫度為37℃,透析液鈉濃度為138~145mmol/L,透析次數(shù)為2~5天/次,每次4.0~5.0h。根據(jù)患者干體重及透析間期增加的體重確定超濾量。
1.3 觀察方法 分別檢測透析前、透析中1h、2h、3h、4h及透析結(jié)束時血壓,計算平均動脈壓(MAP),MAP比透析前下降20mmHg以下或收縮壓降至90mmHg以下為癥狀性低血壓。根據(jù)超濾量(UFV)和透析時間(T)計算超濾率(UFR);根據(jù)UFV和患者體重(W)計算單位體重超濾量(UFV/W)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法 計量資料采用F檢驗,用(x±s)表示,采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計包進行統(tǒng)計學處理,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 老年組和非老年組癥狀性低血壓發(fā)生率、伴發(fā)病、透析前MAP、血紅蛋白及白蛋白等比較 老年組癥狀性低血壓發(fā)生率為21.1%,非老年組為14.9%,兩組差異有
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