探討64層螺旋CT對(duì)冠狀動(dòng)脈畸形的診斷價(jià)值

【摘要】 　　【目的】 評(píng)價(jià)64層螺旋CT在診斷冠狀動(dòng)脈畸形方面的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值�！痉椒ā� 對(duì)38例冠狀動(dòng)脈畸形的64層螺旋CT資料進(jìn)行回顧性分析，將原始數(shù)據(jù)傳至工作站，行多平面重建（MPR）、容積再現(xiàn)（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）和血管探針等后處理。10例同時(shí)行傳統(tǒng)冠脈造影（CAG），3例行手術(shù)�！窘Y(jié)果】 38例患者畸形血管在CT圖像上得以清晰顯示。冠狀動(dòng)脈開(kāi)口起源異常6例，單支冠狀動(dòng)脈畸形2例，冠狀動(dòng)脈瘺2例，冠狀動(dòng)脈肌橋20例，副冠狀動(dòng)脈8例，10例CAG結(jié)果9例與CT一致，1例右側(cè)冠狀動(dòng)脈高位開(kāi)口CAG誤診為缺如，3例手術(shù)結(jié)果與CT一致�！窘Y(jié)論】 64層螺旋CT冠狀動(dòng)脈造影清晰顯示了畸形血管的起源、行程、終止及腔內(nèi)情況，可作為冠狀動(dòng)脈畸形首選的檢查方法。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 體層攝影術(shù)，X線計(jì)算機(jī)； 血管造影術(shù)； 冠狀動(dòng)脈； 血管畸形
Abstract: 【Objective】 To evaluate the clinical application of 64-slice spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of coronary artery anomalies (CAAs). 【Methods】 The 64-slice spiral computed tomography images of 38 patients with CAAs were retrospectively analyzed. The raw data were transferred to the work station（vitrea@2 version 3.7.0）, and then multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), volume render (VR), maximum intensity projection (MIP)，curved-planar reconstruction (CPR) and blood vessel probe were performed. Ten patients were performed conventional coronary artery angiography (CAG) and 3 patients were performed surgery. 【Results】 The origin and course of anomalous CA in 38 patients were displayed clearly by 64-slice spiral computed tomography. Six patients were anomalous origin of CA trunk; 2 were single CA anomaly; 2 were the branch of RCA fistula (1 to the pulmonary artery, 1 to the right atrium); 20 were mural coronary artery; 8 were para coronary artery, which is the branch of arterial conus origins directly from the right coronary sinus. Nine results of the 10 CAG were accordant with CT, 1 high origin of RCA was mistaken for congenital absence in CAG. Three operation results were accordant with CT. 【Conclusion】 The 64-slice spiral computed tomography displayed the origins, course and the condition of intralumens of CA clearly. It’s better than CAG on some degree. 64-slice spiral computed tomography could be used as the first choose of imaging tools for suspected CAAs.
Key words：tomography, X-ray computed; angiography; coronary artery; vessel anomalies
冠狀動(dòng)脈（簡(jiǎn)稱冠脈）畸形是指冠脈起源、走行及終止的異常。冠脈畸形可以引起心肌缺血,心功能不全,甚至猝死；早期發(fā)現(xiàn)至為重要。傳統(tǒng)冠脈造影一直被以為診斷冠脈畸形的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但由于國(guó)內(nèi)接受此項(xiàng)檢查的患者較少，畸形的發(fā)現(xiàn)率不高[1，2]。多層螺旋CT（multi-slice spiral computed tomography，MSCT）及其后處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展，能清晰顯示畸形血管的起源、形程及終止，得到越來(lái)越多的重視[3]。64層螺旋CT作為目前最先進(jìn)的MSCT，以其更快的掃描速度和更薄的掃描層厚而獲得更加清晰的圖像。冠脈畸形表現(xiàn)多樣，本文報(bào)道一組冠脈畸形的64層螺旋CT表現(xiàn)，并評(píng)價(jià)其在診斷冠脈畸形方面的價(jià)值。
1 材料與方法
1.1 臨床資料
2005年10月至2006年7月在我院共行64層螺旋CT冠脈造影510例，對(duì)其中的38例冠狀動(dòng)脈畸形進(jìn)行回顧性分析，患者年齡9～71歲，平均51.6歲；其中男27例，女11例。2例小兒為復(fù)雜先天性心臟��；余36例成人1例體檢發(fā)現(xiàn)心動(dòng)過(guò)緩，2例心律不齊，余均系胸悶、氣促、心悸查因。
1.2 CT檢查
患者檢查前測(cè)量心率和血壓。心率大于70/min且血壓不低者給予美托洛爾50 mg口服；另外訓(xùn)練呼吸，保證正確的吸氣屏氣方法。使用東芝Aquilion 64層螺旋CT機(jī)結(jié)合心電門控采集圖像，掃描前給予液態(tài)硝酸甘油舌下噴霧。掃描參數(shù)：準(zhǔn)直器64 mm×0.5 mm，螺距11.2～14.4 mm ，管電壓135 kV，掃描速度每圈400 ms，掃描范圍為氣管分叉下至膈下2.0 cm。掃描采用Sur

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