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測(cè)量腰椎、股骨近端骨密度中若干問(wèn)題研究
[摘要] 目的 通過(guò)應(yīng)用雙能X線骨密度儀(DXA)測(cè)量腰椎和股骨骨密度(BMD)中幾技術(shù)問(wèn)題研究,指出在測(cè)量和分析結(jié)果時(shí)值得注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。方法 比較同一選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)束和薄型束掃描股骨近端結(jié)果的不同;對(duì)腰椎各椎體間T評(píng)分差>1 SD,不同分析方法的差別;列舉1例患者比較股骨頸感興趣區(qū)微小變化對(duì)診斷結(jié)果的影響。結(jié)果 對(duì)瘦體型患者薄型束掃描骨邊緣比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)束完整,各部位BMD值有增加,在大粗隆部位二者T評(píng)分相差最大可超過(guò)3 SD;正常人相鄰椎體間T評(píng)分差<SD,患者1 L3和L4相差2.2 SD,患者2 L2和L3相差1.3 SD,患者3 L2和L3相差1.5 SD,相鄰椎體間差均>1 SD;股骨頸感興趣區(qū)中心位置在X軸線上從124變?yōu)?20微小移動(dòng),股骨頸的T評(píng)分從-2.7 SD增至-2.4 SD。結(jié)論 正確測(cè)量和分析技術(shù)對(duì)獲得可靠診斷結(jié)果至關(guān)重要,需要進(jìn)一步認(rèn)真研究。[關(guān)鍵詞] 測(cè)量;股骨;骨密度
Research on measurement technology of bone mineral density at lumber and hip
CUI Xia,QIN Lin-lin,LIU Hong-e,et al.Nuclear Medicine Department,China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing 100029,China
[Abstract] Objective Through research on measurement technology of bone mineral density(BMD)at lumber and hip,point out some important technology in measurement and analysis.Methods The different result of scan at hip were compared using standard and thin X ray for patients.When T score different of close two lumbers were large than 1 SD,the different result was reported and reason was analyzed.When slight moving ROI position of neck,different results of BMD and T score at neck,trocant and total hip were compared.Results Bone edge was more clear and BMD of average parts at hip were larger when using thin X ray than standard X-ray for thin patients.T score different of close two lumbers was less 1SD for healthy subjects.T score different of L3 and L4 was 2.2SD for patient 1,T score different of L2 and L3 was 1.3 SD for patient 2.T score different of L2 and L3 was 1.5 SD for patient 3.ROI position at neck slight was moving from 120 to 124 of X axis.T score at neck was changed from -2.4 to -2.7 SD.Conclusion Correct measurement and analysis technology is very important for diagnosing osteoporosis,more technology key needed further discussed. 論文網(wǎng)在線
[Key words] measurement;femur;bone mineral density
骨密度測(cè)量廣泛應(yīng)用在對(duì)骨折發(fā)生率的預(yù)測(cè)中,雙能X線骨密度儀(DXA)是國(guó)際公認(rèn)精確度高、掃描速度快的診斷骨質(zhì)疏松測(cè)量?jī)x[1],常規(guī)測(cè)量腰椎、股骨近端兩個(gè)部位。在骨密度測(cè)量中對(duì)患者的擺位和影像分析是測(cè)量技術(shù)中兩個(gè)重要方面。不正確擺位和對(duì)圖像的錯(cuò)誤分析及報(bào)告會(huì)導(dǎo)致不正確的測(cè)量結(jié)果和錯(cuò)誤的診斷[2]。本文對(duì)我院骨密度測(cè)量患者進(jìn)行回顧性研究,指出在患者測(cè)量中易發(fā)生的幾種錯(cuò)誤,說(shuō)明正確測(cè)量和分析技術(shù)的重要性,它是獲得對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松診斷結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)保證。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 隨機(jī)選1例正常人和3例嚴(yán)重骨病男性患者對(duì)其L1~4椎體BMD、T評(píng)分和椎體高度結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較和分析。
1.2 方法 自2004年7月開始,使用我院新后的GE Lunar Prodigy雙能X線骨密度儀,應(yīng)用常規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軟件測(cè)量腰椎、股骨近端兩個(gè)部位,按要求對(duì)患者體位擺放、分析圖像,參照WHO診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3]報(bào)告結(jié)果,對(duì)其中發(fā)現(xiàn)的技術(shù)問(wèn)題,分不同部位和情況進(jìn)行研究和分析。
1.2.1 不同束型選擇對(duì)結(jié)果的影響 對(duì)掃描腰椎、股骨的患者,采用3 mA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)束按照程序先進(jìn)行股骨近端掃描,對(duì)身材較瘦的患者看到掃描結(jié)果大轉(zhuǎn)子邊緣有缺損時(shí),在患者體位不變的情況下重新掃描,將束型調(diào)整為0.75 mA薄型射束,選3例比較兩種不同束型在股骨頸、大轉(zhuǎn)子和全股骨近各部位BMD、T評(píng)分結(jié)果的不同。
1.2.2 各椎體間T評(píng)分相差超過(guò)1 SD不同分析結(jié)果比較 在腰椎測(cè)量中,常規(guī)報(bào)告的是L1~4的平均BMD測(cè)定結(jié)果。在絕數(shù)正常情況下各椎體間的T評(píng)分結(jié)果比較接近,相差不應(yīng)>1 SD,而對(duì)骨病嚴(yán)重者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)腰椎體間T評(píng)分差值>1 SD,此情況下要應(yīng)根據(jù)患者情況進(jìn)行分析,剔除不合理的椎體結(jié)果進(jìn)行報(bào)告。
1.3 股骨頸感興趣區(qū)位置微小變化對(duì)結(jié)果的影響 GE Lunar股骨頸感興趣區(qū)放置在股骨頸BMD及面積最小的部位分,感興趣區(qū)與股骨頸軸垂直。常規(guī)情況下建議感興趣區(qū)位置由軟件自動(dòng)確定,且位置稍有變化時(shí)結(jié)果變化不大,且不會(huì)影響診斷。實(shí)際檢測(cè)會(huì)遇到當(dāng)感興趣區(qū)域只做微小移動(dòng)時(shí),股骨頸骨密度變化很大并直接影響診斷結(jié)果,筆者將其位置移動(dòng)對(duì)結(jié)
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