淺談現(xiàn)代文學(xué)論文：《等待戈多》
《等待戈多》(En attendant Godot)，又譯做《等待果陀》，是一出兩幕劇，寫的是發(fā)生在兩個(gè)黃昏的事情。在鄉(xiāng)間的一條路上，有著兩個(gè)身份不明的'流浪漢在一顆大樹下等待著一個(gè)名叫戈多的人。但是他們不知道戈多是誰，也不知道戈多會不會來。劇作無論是從內(nèi)容上還是到表演形式上，都體現(xiàn)出了與傳統(tǒng)戲劇截然不同的荒誕戲劇。
Waiting for Godot (En attendant Godot), also translated as "waiting for fruit," is a two act play, written in two dusk. On the road in the countryside, there are two unidentified tramps waiting for a man named Godot under a big tree. But they do not know who Godot is, nor do they know if Godot will come. Drama, both in content and in form of performance, shows absurd drama which is completely different from traditional drama.
Of course, "waiting for Godot" is a kind of wait for a kind of waiting situation, but not enough. The work is so meaningful and memorable that it is so thought-provoking and unexcavated. No matter what the critics comment on Godot, the absurd scenes in the works are everywhere, and Beckett writes the human nature of human nature with the absurdity of his life. "Waiting for Godot" shows the fracture of memory, the fracture of communication and the broken fragments of thinking. The song of the age of sexual fracture has outlined the cracks of humanity one by one, reflecting the anxiety and generation of the generation. Beckett, like an affectionate poet, uses him as an understatement, but is full of paper and absurd writing that presents the whole human character of a broken human nature, as well as a torch that brings light in the dark to inject a little hope into a meaningless and helpless life.
"Yes, those two thieves, do you remember that story?" "remember", this is the conversation between the two tramps, and the words that just said to the other listener immediately did not remember, or he did not remember, but refused to remember. "What did we do yesterday?" "as far as I see, we've been here yesterday." "do you recognize this place?" "but which Saturday? And isn't it Saturday? Isn't it Sunday! Or Monday? Or Friday?" one and three again and again to express the uncertainty of oneself to the individual. The shoes that are worn by Stella are for a while. This is the color for a while, too small for a while, and too large for a while. I am unable to confirm my situation and refuse to confirm it. These uncertain statements show the absurdity and fragmentation of memory space caused by the rupture of this memory. The conversation between love and Vladimir is also a preface. Mutual communication also presents an impossible situation. It shows the unreachable distance between people and the sense of strangeness which can not be relieved.
There are no vivid and lifelike characters in the play. There is no dramatic conflict of drama. There is no dramatic plot that is usually recognized by people. From the beginning to the end of the scene, some are only the repetitions of boring empty words and nightmares, and the dramatic characters in the play are also a broken stage image, some are only wandering. The Han, the terrible master and the servant two. This kind of fragmentation is displayed in accordance with the whole text structure, and is integrated with the human nature fracture in the full text.
There are many words in the script, "I have gone", and the dramatic action is "he does not move", the dramatic discourse and the dramatic action are separated, reflecting the negation of their own. When the tramps met Bo Zhu and the lucky children, bad ordered the non punctuated "talk" when he ordered the thought of lucky children. It was the chaos of the thought. None of these scenes was a distinct feature of the broken generation. It was the breakage of the human being caused by the fracture of the industrial society at that time and the forgetting after the fracture.
Todd Gitlin said: Modernism has torn the great unity to pieces, but post-modernism is overjoyed by this fragmentation. Although there is so much fragmentation in waiting for Godot, through detailed text analysis, you will find that the author has the desire to repost the fragments again, through this fragmentation of the disintegration of life to achieve the desire to achieve the overall redemption. That is to say, through the meaningless absurd life, we can see a glimmer of poetic glimmering in the morning light. This glimmering is the redemption of breaking human nature.
First of all, from the form of language. Text is from a traditional drama perspective to return to the ancient poetry perspective. In the art of fiction, Milan Kundera said, "the history of novels has become the history of poetic novels. But the demanding of the acceptance of poetry does not mean the lyric of the novel (giving up its own irony, ignoring the outside world, turning the novel into a personal monologue, making it with a lot of decoration). The greatest novelists who have become poets are strongly anti lyrical... Novel: an anti lyric poem. In Beckett's plays, the script became an anti lyric poem.
This poetic language tends to be meticulous and meticulous, and there are very exquisite dialogues in the text. It is simple but fragrant, and reveals the simple feelings of poetry.
The script has only two episodes, basically the first act and the second act do not change much, like a loop of the two sections of the modern poem, and a song and a sigh of repeated chanting. This kind of poem provides a poetic space for the blank of mind, which is caused by the fracture of human nature. It is also a rebellion to the various post-modern language games, which provides the possibility of redemption for the emptiness and monotony caused by the fault of human nature.
Secondly, it looks from the value dimension of the text. There is no reason for the seemingly upbeat words of the lucky one. The opening of the story of the Bible with Vladimir is not empty. It is not meaningless to declare that Godot is not coming tomorrow with the words of the child. The absurd drama began in 1950s and peaked in 60s. At that time, the nightmare of World War II had just passed, and the war left an incurable wound to the whole generation of people. Since Nietzsche declared that "God is dead", God is no longer exist, the old faith is destroyed in a moment of destruction, and the hope and ideal are disillusioned. But the true denial and refusal of God will cause an insupportable return to the belief in God. Whether this return can save this meaningless life, whether Godot is the light of God, and whether the child is the angel of God, can not be confirmed. But the truth between the lines reveals the existence of faith and the illumination of this belief, a redemption of humanity.
Although it is impossible to think about certainty, people leave their thoughts and Pondering on the works. People's exploration of Godot shows the gleam of belief. It exists, can bring new life to people, arouse the excitement of waiting, and strive to wait for Godot's ideal, as Beckett won in the 1969 Nobel literary prize, "his novel and dramatic works make modern people exhilarated from spiritual poverty", the Royal Swedish Royal The representative of the Academy commended his drama "the purify of Greek tragedy" at the prize giving ceremony. This may be the ultimate value of the text, or the salvation of the author's text to mankind.
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