挖方和填方的最小運(yùn)輸問題

挖方和填方的最小運(yùn)輸問題

摘要
    挖方和填方的最小運(yùn)輸問題求解其實(shí)是1個(gè)土方平衡調(diào)配問題。土方平衡調(diào)配是土方規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的1項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。它主要是對(duì)土方工程中挖方的土需運(yùn)至何處（利用或堆棄），填方所需的土應(yīng)取自何方，進(jìn)行綜合協(xié)調(diào)處理。其目的是在使土方運(yùn)輸量或土方運(yùn)輸成本最低的條件下，確定挖、填方區(qū)土方的調(diào)配方向和數(shù)量，從而縮短工期，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
    以數(shù)學(xué)模型為基礎(chǔ)的豎向設(shè)計(jì)中土方調(diào)運(yùn),論述的是在土方調(diào)運(yùn)過程中運(yùn)用表上作業(yè)法的常用3個(gè)方法：西北角法、最小元素法和沃格爾法(VOGEL),以及用位勢(shì)法判斷基可行解是否最優(yōu)，如不是對(duì)其再進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的詳細(xì)過程,并對(duì)其做了簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)例對(duì)比計(jì)算，然后再結(jié)合實(shí)際情況，考慮土方的松散狀況，通過引進(jìn)漲方系數(shù)，最后提出在實(shí)際工程應(yīng)力計(jì)算中選擇既計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)單又省時(shí)省力的的最小元素法和位勢(shì)法的結(jié)合應(yīng)用。

關(guān)鍵詞：豎向設(shè)計(jì)；土方調(diào)運(yùn)；最優(yōu)方案；VOGEL法

Abstract

Solving the smallest transportation question of excavation and fill actually is a question of earthwork balance adjustment. The earthwork balance adjustment is an important part of earthwork planning and design, which mainly comprehensively handle where the soil of excavation shall transport to and where the soil needed by fill shall take from. Its purpose is to determine the adjustment way and quantity of the earthwork of excavation and fill to ensure the minimum earthwork transportation quantity and cost, and then shorten the work period and improve economic efficiency.
 The earthwork transportation in the vertical design on the basis of mathematical model explains three normal methods in the process of earthwork transportation: Northwest corner method, smallest element method and VOGEL method. It also elaborates if judgment by geopotential method is the best, if not, then optimizes it. After comparing with actual example, considering the loose condition of earthwork and introducing the ratio zh, it is suggested to combine smallest element method and geopotential method which is simple and can save time and labor, into calculation of actual project.

Key words: Vertical design; earthwork transportation; optimal plan; VOGEL method

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