量子糾纏及其度量

量子糾纏及其度量
 
摘要：量子糾纏是首先被Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)和薛定諤注意到的不同于經(jīng)典物理最奇特、最不可思議的1種奇妙現(xiàn)象。它是微觀量子系統(tǒng)內(nèi)各子系統(tǒng)或各自由度之間關(guān)聯(lián)的反映。在量子信息中，糾纏態(tài)扮演著極為重要的角色�？梢哉f如果沒有量子糾纏現(xiàn)象，就不會有現(xiàn)在所說的量子信息。由于糾纏態(tài)特殊的物理性質(zhì)，使量子信息具有經(jīng)典信息所沒有的許多新的特征，同時糾纏態(tài)也為信息傳輸和信息處理提供了新的物理資源。本文對量子糾纏以及量子糾纏的度量（包含純態(tài)和非純態(tài)兩種系統(tǒng)）的歷史淵源和基本概念，以及近年來在理論實踐研究方面的重要進展和在量子信息科學領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景，做1個系統(tǒng)、綜合的介紹和討論。

關(guān)鍵字：量子糾纏；糾纏的度量；EPR佯謬；薛定諤貓

Quantum entanglement and measurement
 
Abstract: Quantum entanglement, which is first revealed by Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) and Schrodinger, is the unique phenomenon of quantum system. It is the most strange and unbelievable phenomenon which is different from classical physics. It reflects the correlation between different subsystems or freedom of degree in the microscopic quantized system. Quantum entanglement is the key role in the realism of quantum information. Due to the particular physical properties of quantum entanglement, there are some new properties which we cannot find in the classical information theory. Quantum entanglement also provides the key resource for quantum communication and quantum information processing. In this paper we review the concept and history of quantum entanglement, the progress in theory and experiment and the measurement of entanglement.

Keywords：Entanglement;  Measurement of the entanglement;  EPR-Paradox;  Schrodingers Cat.
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