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黑洞熱輻射與非熱輻
目錄
前言.........................................................................1
1 黑洞......................................................................1
2 黑洞熱輻射................................................................2
2.1 黑洞熱力學(xué)4定律...................................................2
2.2 霍金輻射...........................................................4
3 黑洞非熱輻射..............................................................8
3.1 彭若斯過程.........................................................8
3.2 米斯鈉過程.........................................................8
3.3 斯塔諾賓斯基—安魯效應(yīng).............................................8
4 總結(jié).......................................................................9
參考文獻(xiàn).....................................................................9
英文摘要.....................................................................10
致謝.........................................................................10
黑洞熱輻射與非熱輻射
摘要:從1973年霍金發(fā)現(xiàn)黑洞熱輻射起,人們對這個問題采用彎曲時空的量子場論、格林函數(shù)法、共形變換等方法進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究。而國內(nèi)使用了1種新的坐標(biāo)變換,使黑洞的研究從靜態(tài)進(jìn)入到了動態(tài)。本文主要從相對論與量子力學(xué)的角度證明了黑洞的熱輻射與非熱輻射的存在。通過對彎曲時空中粒子的運(yùn)動方程克萊因—高登方程的求解,并將出射波解在復(fù) 平面做解析延拓,得出黑洞的輻射譜為嚴(yán)格的黑體輻射譜[1-2]。通過考察黑洞內(nèi)的負(fù)能級,分析黑洞邊界處的狄拉克能級,證明了在黑洞視界附近,能量處于 的負(fù)能粒子,將由于量子隧道效應(yīng)而穿過禁區(qū),產(chǎn)生1種與溫度無關(guān)的非熱輻射。
關(guān)鍵詞:黑洞;熱輻射;非熱輻射
前言
在60年代以前,人們主要利用廣義相對論研究黑洞的時空結(jié)構(gòu)1類問題。70年代初期,美國科學(xué)家貝肯斯坦首先引入了黑洞熵的概念,接著,英國理論物理學(xué)家霍金用剛剛興起的彎曲時空量子場論研究了黑洞的輻射問題,黑洞的研究進(jìn)入了1個新的階段。由于將現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)中強(qiáng)有力的理論工具如統(tǒng)計物理,量子場論等引入了黑洞的研究,黑洞的研究獲得了新的豐富的內(nèi)容,成為了物理學(xué)研究的前沿課題。黑洞的輻射理論正是這1方面的1個重要內(nèi)容,是在黑洞的熱力學(xué)和黑洞輻射被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后迅速建立發(fā)展起來的。本文對黑洞的輻射理論進(jìn)行了介紹,闡明了黑洞的熱輻射與非熱輻射的機(jī)制問題。
The Thermal Radiation and the Nonthermal Radiation of Black Hole
Abstract:Since1973, when Hawking discovered the thermal radiation of black hole, this problem has been widely studied by means of theory of quantum field in curved space-time, Green’s function method and the conformal transformation etc. whereas in China, a new kind of coordinate transformation has been used, which brings a dynamic research on black hole instead of the static research. This paper proves from the tangle of theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, that there does exist thermal radiation and nonthermal radiation in the black hole. After a careful solution of the movement equation of particles as well as the Klein-Gorden equation in curved space-time, and the analgesic continuation of out going wave in the complex number r plane, it reaches a conclusion that the radiation spectrum of black hole is rigorous black body radiation spectrum. By inspecting the negative energy within black hole and analyzing the Dirac energy level on the edge of black hole, this paper proves that negative energy particles with a range of on the surface area of the black hole will pass through the forbidden area as a result of the quantum tunneling effect and produce a kind of nonthermal radiation that has nothing to do with temperature.
Key words: black hole; thermal radiation; nonthermal radiation
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