達(dá)爾文《物種起源》衍生的“生物門顯學(xué)”

　　1859年，達(dá)爾文《物種起源》發(fā)表，從此人類思想史進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新紀(jì)元。而這一年，也是偉大的法國(guó)哲學(xué)家柏格森的誕生之年。這兩件事看似不相關(guān)聯(lián)，但是《物種起源》的問世注定要影響這位法國(guó)人文主義思想家�！段锓N起源》發(fā)表之后，19世紀(jì)的一門顯學(xué)----進(jìn)化論也相繼產(chǎn)生。

　　Darwin's "Origin of Species" published in 1859, from the history of human thought has entered a new era. And the year of the birth of this year, but also the great French philosopher Henri Bergson. Two things seemingly not associated, but the advent of the "Origin of Species" is destined to affect the French humanist thinker. After the publication of the "Origin of Species", a 19th century school of learning ---- theory of evolution have been generated. "Tightening of the flow of life along the anterograde and retrograde direction, along the line, the flow of life, the combination of to produce biological organisms; retrograde, the expansion of the stream of life, relaxation, fall, inanimate substances, biological community and non-living nature, organic and inorganic substances have to maintain the stream of life and through life to create derivatives of evolution. "(from" Philosophy New 35) This is Bergson on the evolution of life image description of the view Bergson evolution of life. Bergson mentioned in the famous book "Creative Evolution", he believes that the driving force of change and evolution is the impulse of life. Based on the impulse of life theory, Bergson criticizes the negative aspects of Darwin's theory of evolution. Bergson stressed the evolution of life has its inherent inexhaustible motive force, the direction of the evolution of life should depend on life inside the "impulse", not like the direction of the evolution of life mentioned in Darwin's theory of evolution is determined by the external environment. As further support for their views, Bergson pointed out that as intelligent people, it generates is not created by God, is not driven by other external forces, but self-creation generated. The generation of people not in order to adapt to the environment, but to get full use of the environment. Generated grew up in a certain environment, that is only in a specific natural environment can survive and develop. Bergson recognize the environment can affect people, but he stressed that the people is the initiative to take advantage of the environment rather than passive to adapt to the environment, human adaptation to the environment is a necessary condition for generation and evolution. Therefore, we can see that Bergson stressed that people's own generation and the creation of this generation and creation is driven by the impulse of life itself. Bergson also criticized the "catastrophe theory" of evolution to understand. Bergson stressed that the mutation is unlimited generation and creation, variation is not intermittent, sudden, but continuous, every moment in the variation; also create create create every moment of life contains is an infinite generate creative process. Bergson further pointed out that the new species will produce only variation reached a cer

　　tain time, and universal, variation in any species at any time in the continuous occurrence. The so-called mutation is not a source of water, "it is only after a series of seemingly constant generation eggs and maturation process is possible." (Quoted from "re-read" 108) so that mutations is the accumulation of a certain stage, while the mutation also the evolutionary process in an obvious innovation.

　　柏格森以其“生命沖動(dòng)”為武器，對(duì)機(jī)械論、目的論以及進(jìn)化論進(jìn)行了批判，繼而又以“生命沖動(dòng)”為依據(jù)進(jìn)一步闡釋了自己的生命進(jìn)化理論。

　　Bergson its "impulse of life" as a weapon, critical mechanistic, teleological theory of evolution, then used "impulse of life" as the basis to further explain his own life theory of evolution.

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