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淺談《遠(yuǎn)大前程》中的二元對立手法
畢業(yè)論文
Abstract
Great Expectation is regarded as one of Charles Dickens’ best novels, and it is also a book written in his late period. After all kinds of life experiences, his attitudes toward people and life changed a lot. Most of his mature thoughts collect in this book. In Great Expectation, Dickens creates his memorable personages by means of several techniques.
Starting from a technique named binary opposition used in evaluating literary works, this paper shows a detailed analysis about how binary opposition is applied for depicting characters, environment and creating plots in this story. It begins with explaining the term “binary opposition”, which is a pair of terms differentiated by their opposition to one another. Then it analyses binary opposition in characters such as Pip’s being a narrator and a character, Wemmick’ s cold-blooded and warm-hearted, Miss Havisham’ s cruelty and mercifulness, and in certain surroundings like Joe’s forge—a bright place and Miss Havisham’ s Satis House—a dark place. There is also binary opposition in creating plots. In the end, it concludes that by using the technique of binary opposition, the book achieves its expected effects.
Key words: Charles Dickens; Great Expectation;
binary opposition; character
摘 要
《遠(yuǎn)大前程》被認(rèn)為是狄更斯最有名的作品之1。是他比較晚期的作品。狄更斯在經(jīng)歷了豐富的人間生活后，對人，對周圍環(huán)境，對自己的生活經(jīng)歷都有了深刻的認(rèn)識，他的生活態(tài)度也隨之發(fā)生了很大的變化。而所有他成熟的思想認(rèn)識都被認(rèn)為匯總在此書中。在《遠(yuǎn)大前程》這本書中，狄更斯運(yùn)用多種文學(xué)技巧刻畫了許多令人難忘的藝術(shù)形象。
本文擬從文學(xué)批評的2元對立出發(fā)，對小說中人物，環(huán)境以及情節(jié)刻畫的2元對立作具體探討。首先，對2元對立這個(gè)術(shù)語作了具體解釋。所謂2元對立,是指在任1系統(tǒng)中1對差異項(xiàng)的確定,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對某種價(jià)值進(jìn)行分析.然后，詳細(xì)分析了人物的2元對立. 比如皮普作為故事述說者和故事主人公的對立, 文米克性格中的冷血和熱心的對立, 郝薇香小姐的殘忍和仁慈的對立. 人物所處的具體環(huán)境如喬的鐵匠鋪?zhàn)鳛?個(gè)光明的象征和郝薇香小姐的沙堤斯宅作為1個(gè)陰暗象征的2元對立，以及文章的主要情節(jié)刻畫中的2元對立。最后，總結(jié)運(yùn)用2元對立手法所達(dá)到的使故事結(jié)構(gòu)既分離又緊湊,人物塑造既對立又統(tǒng)1的效果。
關(guān)鍵詞：狄更斯；遠(yuǎn)大前程； 2元對立； 人物
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