數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展方向
The number controls the development direction of the tool machineCurrently, the forerunner in the world the manufacturing technique rises continuously, extremely high slice to pare soon, the super nicety processes the technical application of etc., the quick development of the gentle manufacturing system and calculator gather the system is continuously mature, the logarithms controled the processing technology to put forward the higher request.Count to control the tool machine nowadays positive the party in government wears following few directions development.
1）The high speed degree, high accuracy turns the speed and accuracy is two important index signs that the number controls the tool machine, it relates to process the efficiency and product quantities directly.Currently, the number controls the higher processor of system adoption number, frequency, to raise basic operation speed of the system.At the same time, adopt super and large-scale integrated circuit and many microprocessor structures, with the data processing ability of the exaltation system, then the exaltation puts the speed and the accuracy of repair the operation.Combine the adoption straight line the electric motor drives the straight line of the tool machine work pedestal directly servo enter to the way, its high speed degree and dynamic states respond to the characteristic very superior. Adopt the ex- feedback control technique, the error margin lets up consumedly. thus improving to turn the Cape to slice to pare of process the accuracy.
For the orientation extremely high the request that process soon, count to control the tool machine adoption principal axis electric motor and the tool machine principal axises to match two is an of structure form, carried out to change the electric motor of frequency and tool machine principal axis integral wholes to turn, the bearings of the principal axis electrical engineering adoption the magnetic levitation bearings, the liquid action presses the bearings or porcelain and ceramicses to roll over the bearings form.Currently, the porcelain and ceramics knife have to draw the layer knife to have to have already started get the application with diamond.
2）Multi-function turn to have every variety that the auto changes the knife the organization( the knife database capacity can amount to 100 above) to process the center, the ability carries out the milling to pare at the same time on same pedestal tool machine, the boring to pare, drills to pare, the car pare, expand the bore and offend the thread etc. various work prefaces process, the modern number controls the tool machine to still adopted many principal axises and face body more to slice to pare, namely carry on different way's slice to pare to process to the different part of a spare parts at the same time.The number controls the system because of adopting many structure of CPU and ratingses to break off to control the way, carrying on spare parts' process to draw up with procedure at the same time on one pedestal tool machine then, carrying out so-called" the stage process, backstage edit".For adapting the gentle manufacturing system and calculators to gather the request of the system, the number controls the system to have long-distance leave the string to go to connect, carry out the number to control the data correspondence between tool machine, also can directly set the number controls the tool machine to carry on the control.
3）The intelligence turn the modern number to control the tool machine and will usher in to control the technique from the orientation according to slicing to pare the conditional variety, regulating the work parameter automatically, making process the process can keep the best work appearance, thus get to process the rough degree of accuracy and smaller surfaces higherly, also can raise the production efficiency of the service life and equipments that knife have.Have from examine a patient, the self-taught replies the function, in the whole work appearance, the system at any time carries on to the system of CNC and various equipments that connect with each other with it from examine a patient, check.Once appear to break down, adopt to shut down to wait the measure immediately, and carry on break down to report to the police, hinting the part, reason etc. of take place the breakdown.Can also automatically make break down the mold piece is off-line, but connect to provide for using the mold piece, to insure the request that no man turns the work environment.In order to carring out the higher breakdown to examine a patient the request, developing trend is adopt the artificial intelligence the expert examine a patient the system.
4）The number controls to weave the distance automation along with the applied technical development of calculator, the sketch of CAD/ CAM hands over currently with each other the automatic plait distance of type have already got the more application, is a number to control new trend of the technique development.It is a spare parts that makes use of the CAD to draw to process the drawing, was had by knife in the calculator again the track data carry on the calculation and postpose the processing, the thus automatic born spare parts of NC processes the procedure, to carry out the CAD and CAMs to gather.Along with the technical development of CIMS, it is current to appeared the CAD/ CAPP/ CAM to gather again of the full-automatic plait distance method, it weave the distance to need the biggest differentiation of the CAD/ CAM system plait distance with it and process the craft parameter and need not be participate by the artificial, direct from the database of CAPP in the system acquire.
5）The credibility maximize the credibility that the number controls the tool machine has been main index sign that the customer concern most .The number control the system will adopt higher gather degree of electric circuit chip, make use of the large-scale or super and large-scale appropriation and the admixture type integrated circuits, the quantity that to reduce a machine piece, raise the credibility.Turn through the hardware function software, the request that to adapt various control function, the mold piece that adopt the hardware structure tool machine essence turn, standardizes at the same time and in general use turn and the series turn, make since raise the hardware production batch quantity, the again easy to organization produces to guard a pass with quantity.Still pass the auto circulates various diagnosis procedures, such as the start diagnosis, on-line diagnosis and off-line diagnosis...etc., carrying out to carry on break down to the hardware, software inside the system and various exterior equipments examine a patient and report to the police.The exploitation reports to the police to hint, expeling the breakdown in time;The exploitation permits the wrong technique, adopt" redundancy" design to the important parts, breaking down with the realization from instauration;Make use of various test, the supervision technique, be to produce the super distance,damaging knife , interference, power failure...etc. Various accident, carry on the homologous protection automatically.
6）Control the system small scaled turn the number to control the system small scaled turn easy to equip machine, electricity to combine for the integral whole.Mainly adopt currently super and large-scale gather component, many layer PC boards, adopt the three directions gearing method, make a machine of electronics piece can the high definition install, more large-scale contract the occupancy space of the system.But make use of a display of new colorful LCD to act for the traditional cathode ray tube, will make the number control the operate system further small scaled turn.Can install it on the tool machine equipments expediently thus, the more easy to logarithms controls the operation usage of the tool machine.
數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展方向
目前，世界先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)不斷興起，超高速切削、超精密加工等技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，柔性制造系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展和計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)的不斷成熟，對(duì)數(shù)控加工技術(shù)提出了更高的要求。當(dāng)今數(shù)控機(jī)床正在朝著以下幾個(gè)方向發(fā)展。 1）高速度、高精度化速度和精度是數(shù)控機(jī)床的兩個(gè)重要指標(biāo)，它直接關(guān)系到加工效率和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。目前，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用位數(shù)、頻率更高的處理器，以提高系統(tǒng)的基本運(yùn)算速度。同時(shí)，采用超大規(guī)模的集成電路和多微處理器結(jié)構(gòu)，以提高系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力，即提高插補(bǔ)運(yùn)算的速度和精度。并采用直線電動(dòng)機(jī)直接驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)床工作臺(tái)的直線伺服進(jìn)給方式，其高速度和動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)特性相當(dāng)優(yōu)越。采用前饋控制技術(shù)，使追蹤滯后誤差大大減小，從而改善拐角切削的加工精度。 為適應(yīng)超高速加工的要求，數(shù)控機(jī)床采用主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)與機(jī)床主軸合二為一的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，實(shí)現(xiàn)了變頻電動(dòng)機(jī)與機(jī)床主軸一體化，主軸電機(jī)的軸承采用磁浮軸承、液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承或陶瓷滾動(dòng)軸承等形式。目前，陶瓷刀具和金剛石涂層刀具已開始得到應(yīng)用。 2）多功能化配有自動(dòng)換刀機(jī)構(gòu)(刀庫(kù)容量可達(dá)100把以上)的各類加工中心，能在同一臺(tái)機(jī)床上同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)銑削、鏜削、鉆削、車削、鉸孔、擴(kuò)孔、攻螺紋等多種工序加工，現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床還采用了多主軸、多面體切削，即同時(shí)對(duì)一個(gè)零件的不同部位進(jìn)行不同方式的切削加工。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)由于采用了多CPU結(jié)構(gòu)和分級(jí)中斷控制方式，即可在一臺(tái)機(jī)床上同時(shí)進(jìn)行零件加工和程序編制，實(shí)現(xiàn)所謂的“前臺(tái)加工，后臺(tái)編輯”。為了適應(yīng)柔性制造系統(tǒng)和計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)的要求，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)具有遠(yuǎn)距離串行接口，甚至可以聯(lián)網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)控機(jī)床之間的'數(shù)據(jù)通信，也可以直接對(duì)多臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床進(jìn)行控制。 3）智能化現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床將引進(jìn)自適應(yīng)控制技術(shù)，根據(jù)切削條件的變化，自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)工作參數(shù)，使加工過程中能保持最佳工作狀態(tài)，從而得到較高的加工精度和較小的表面粗糙度，同時(shí)也能提高刀具的使用壽命和設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)效率。具有自診斷、自修復(fù)功能，在整個(gè)工作狀態(tài)中，系統(tǒng)隨時(shí)對(duì)CNC系統(tǒng)本身以及與其相連的各種設(shè)備進(jìn)行自診斷、檢查。一旦出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，立即采用停機(jī)等措施，并進(jìn)行故障報(bào)警，提示發(fā)生故障的部位、原因等。還可以自動(dòng)使故障模塊脫機(jī)，而接通備用模塊，以確保無(wú)人化工作環(huán)境的要求。為實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的故障診斷要求，其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是采用人工智能專家診斷系統(tǒng)。 4）數(shù)控編程自動(dòng)化隨著計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)的發(fā)展，目前CAD／CAM圖形交互式自動(dòng)編程已得到較多的應(yīng)用，是數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的新趨勢(shì)。它是利用CAD繪制的零件加工圖樣，再經(jīng)計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)的刀具軌跡數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算和后置處理，從而自動(dòng)生成NC零件加工程序，以實(shí)現(xiàn)CAD與CAM的集成。隨著CIMS技術(shù)的發(fā)展，當(dāng)前又出現(xiàn)了CAD／CAPP／CAM集成的全自動(dòng)編程方式，它與CAD／CAM系統(tǒng)編程的最大區(qū)別是其編程所需的加工工藝參數(shù)不必由人工參與，直接從系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的CAPP數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲得。 5）可靠性最大化數(shù)控機(jī)床的可靠性一直是用戶最關(guān)心的主要指標(biāo)。數(shù)控系統(tǒng)將采用更高集成度的電路芯片，利用大規(guī)�；虺笠�(guī)模的專用及混合式集成電路，以減少元器件的數(shù)量，來提高可靠性。通過硬件功能軟件化，以適應(yīng)各種控制功能的要求，同時(shí)采用硬件結(jié)構(gòu)機(jī)床本體的模塊化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和通用化及系列化，使得既提高硬件生產(chǎn)批量，又便于組織生產(chǎn)和質(zhì)量把關(guān)。還通過自動(dòng)運(yùn)行啟動(dòng)診斷、在線診斷、離線診斷等多種診斷程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)硬件、軟件和各種外部設(shè)備進(jìn)行故障診斷和報(bào)警。利用報(bào)警提示，及時(shí)排除故障；利用容錯(cuò)技術(shù)，對(duì)重要部件采用“冗余”設(shè)計(jì)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)故障自恢復(fù)；利用各種測(cè)試、監(jiān)控技術(shù)，當(dāng)生產(chǎn)超程、刀損、干擾、斷電等各種意外時(shí)，自動(dòng)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的保護(hù)。 6）控制系統(tǒng)小型化數(shù)控系統(tǒng)小型化便于將機(jī)、電裝置結(jié)合為一體。目前主要采用超大規(guī)模集成元件、多層印刷電路板，采用三維安裝方法，使電子元器件得以高密度安裝，較大規(guī)�？s小系統(tǒng)的占有空間。而利用新型的彩色液晶薄型顯示器替代傳統(tǒng)的陰極射線管，將使數(shù)控操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步小型化。這樣可以方便地將它安裝在機(jī)床設(shè)備上，更便于對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床的操作使用。
【數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展方向】相關(guān)文章：