店鋪租金的確定模型
店鋪租金的確定模型
某商人欲在某火車站附近經(jīng)營一店鋪,委托本小組對相關情況進行調查。經(jīng)過數(shù)月的資料收集和整理,我們的調查成果如下:
進出車站的乘客為主要服務對象的10家便利店的數(shù)據(jù)。
Y是日均銷售額,X1為店鋪面積,X2是店鋪距車站的距離,X3為店員人數(shù),X4為店鋪日租金。
具體數(shù)據(jù)如下表:
店鋪代碼 日均銷售額(元)Y 店鋪面積(m2)X1 離車站距離(100m)X2 店員人數(shù)(人)X3 店鋪日租金(元)X4
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J 4000
4500
8000
6000
5000
2000
1500
9000
3000
7000 60
100
85
50
75
55
70
95
45
65 3
5
2
1
3
4
6
1
3
2 5
7
5
3
5
4
5
6
4
4 600
600
1020
750
750
440
280
1425
450
780
數(shù)據(jù)來源:
為了考察店鋪面積、離車站距離、店員人數(shù)和日租金對日銷售額的影響,我們首先做Y關于X1、X2、X3、X4的回歸,即建立如下回歸模型:
Y=C+β1 X1+β2 X2+β3 X3+β4 X4
得回歸結果如下表:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 17:51
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 4815.267 1536.418 3.134087 0.0258
X1 128.1930 39.79796 3.221096 0.0234
X2 -1494.966 513.4078 -2.911848 0.0333
X3 -619.1674 472.6664 -1.309946 0.2472
X4 -1.877208 2.938471 -0.638838 0.5510
R-squared 0.970270 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared 0.946486 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 579.6124 Akaike info criterion 15.86945
Sum squared resid 1679752. Schwarz criterion 16.02074
Log likelihood -74.34724 F-statistic 40.79489
Durbin-Watson stat 1.407218 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000522
從回歸結果來看, R2接近于1,整個方程的擬合優(yōu)度很高,F(xiàn)>F0.05(4,5)=5.19,變量X3、X4對應的偏回歸系數(shù)之t值小于2,而且X3、X4的符號與經(jīng)濟意義相悖,該模型明顯存在多重共線性,回歸結果不顯著,回歸方程不能投入使用。
由于變量較多,采用逐步回歸法來修正模型。
用Y對各個變量單獨進行回歸:
對X1,有:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 20:17
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 444.4444 2988.555 0.148716 0.8855
X1 65.07937 41.38415 1.572567 0.1545
R-squared 0.236129 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared 0.140645 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 2322.680 Akaike info criterion 18.51569
Sum squared resid 43158730 Schwarz criterion 18.57620
Log likelihood -90.57844 F-statistic 2.472968
Durbin-Watson stat 1.988381 Prob(F-statistic) 0.154464
對X2,有:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 20:20
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 8687.500 1096.232 7.924871 0.0000
X2 -1229.167 324.6760 -3.785826 0.0053
R-squared 0.641777 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared 0.596999 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 1590.581 Akaike info criterion 17.75844
Sum squared resid 20239583 Schwarz criterion 17.81896
Log likelihood -86.79221 F-statistic 14.33248
Durbin-Watson stat 2.488527 Prob(F-statistic) 0.005344
對X3,有:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 20:28
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 3344.828 3791.325 0.882232 0.4034
X3 344.8276 770.6964 0.447423 0.6664
R-squared 0.024413 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared -0.097536 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 2624.897 Akaike info criterion 18.76033
Sum squared resid 55120690 Schwarz criterion 18.82084
Log likelihood -91.80164 F-statistic 0.200188
Durbin-Watson stat 2.273575 Prob(F-statistic) 0.666436
對X4,有:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 20:30
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C -124.4556 691.7552 -0.179913 0.8617
X4 7.222630 0.893132 8.086854 0.0000
R-squared 0.891004 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared 0.877380 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 877.3734 Akaike info criterion 16.56860
Sum squared resid 6158272. Schwarz criterion 16.62912
Log likelihood -80.84299 F-statistic 65.39721
Durbin-Watson stat 1.099477 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000040
從上面的回歸結果可以看到,Y對X2的`回歸擬合最好,故選擇該回歸式為基本回歸表達式,F(xiàn)在分別加入X1、X3、X4回歸結果如下:
加入X1,有:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 21:21
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 3641.214 817.1938 4.455753 0.0030
X1 75.45849 10.58869 7.126326 0.0002
X2 -1307.769 121.3087 -10.78050 0.0000
R-squared 0.956605 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared 0.944206 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 591.8273 Akaike info criterion 15.84763
Sum squared resid 2451817. Schwarz criterion 15.93841
Log likelihood -76.23816 F-statistic 77.15446
Durbin-Watson stat 1.809788 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000017
可見,加入X1效果較好,這樣回歸式中就有X1、X2兩個變量了。在此基礎上繼續(xù)加入其他變量。
加入X3,有:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 21:26
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 3993.580 797.8410 5.005484 0.0024
X1 109.3747 25.40691 4.304920 0.0051
X2 -1181.338 142.6370 -8.282130 0.0002
X3 -647.0407 446.8316 -1.448064 0.1978
R-squared 0.967843 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared 0.951765 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 550.2815 Akaike info criterion 15.74791
Sum squared resid 1816859. Schwarz criterion 15.86895
Log likelihood -74.73956 F-statistic 60.19526
Durbin-Watson stat 1.281362 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000072
可以看出,加入了X3以后引起了多重共線性,故剔除。
現(xiàn)在加入X4,回歸結果如下:
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/14/03 Time: 21:29
Sample: 1 10
Included observations: 10
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 4636.482 1619.077 2.863658 0.0287
X1 99.57632 35.19507 2.829269 0.0300
X2 -1674.283 523.5131 -3.198167 0.0186
X4 -2.232526 3.095576 -0.721199 0.4979
R-squared 0.960067 Mean dependent var 5000.000
Adjusted R-squared 0.940100 S.D. dependent var 2505.549
S.E. of regression 613.2195 Akaike info criterion 15.96450
Sum squared resid 2256229. Schwarz criterion 16.08553
Log likelihood -75.82249 F-statistic 48.08356
Durbin-Watson stat 1.907328 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000137
同樣,X4引起多重共線性,故剔除。
故Y對X1、X2的回歸擬合最好,回歸表達式應為:
Y=3641.214+75.45849X1-1307.769X2
其經(jīng)濟意義為,在其他條件不變時,店鋪面積擴大1平方米,日均銷售額大約會增加75.5元;店鋪如果比現(xiàn)在地址再遠離車站100米,日均銷售額大約會減少1307.8元。
由于客戶的資金有限,每天能負擔的租金為700~800元,因此我們建議在離火車站100米處租賃面積為60平方米左右的店鋪,租金大約為750元。這樣客戶能夠獲得既定條件下的最大收益。
以上就是我們的分析報告。
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