環(huán)境民事公益訴訟若干問題探析

摘  要

環(huán)境公益訴訟是指所有為維護(hù)環(huán)境公共利益而提起的訴訟,即包括國家機(jī)關(guān)以國家名義提起的訴訟,也包括個(gè)人以自己名義提起的訴訟。由于環(huán)境公益訴訟在我國缺乏理論上的有力支持，環(huán)境公益訴訟在實(shí)踐中面臨尷尬。我國環(huán)境保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀、環(huán)境侵權(quán)行為的特殊性以及傳統(tǒng)侵權(quán)行為救濟(jì)方式的局限性決定了在我國設(shè)置環(huán)境公益訴訟制度的必要性。國外先進(jìn)的制度理念、我國民主法制的完善和我國實(shí)踐的突破決定了設(shè)置環(huán)境公益訴訟制度的可行性。在我國環(huán)境公益訴訟制度構(gòu)建中，應(yīng)設(shè)置“預(yù)防性公益訴訟”，完善訴前調(diào)解程序，還應(yīng)規(guī)定環(huán)境公益訴訟不受時(shí)效限制，放寬原告的訴訟主體資格，并為保護(hù)弱勢群體的訴權(quán)而設(shè)置環(huán)境保護(hù)公益基金會。

關(guān)鍵字：公益訴訟；環(huán)境民事公益訴訟；環(huán)境保護(hù)公益基金會；預(yù)防性公益

Abstract
Legal system for environment public interest is all for the preservation of the environment and public interest litigation filed, including state organs in the name of an action, and including the name of the individual to bring their own proceedings. Due to the lack of effective support about the environmental public interest litigation  in  theory,the practice of environment public interest litigation is facing embarrassment. The situation of preservating environment in China ,the particularity traditional tort relief for environmental violations and the limitations in our decision are to set up the need for the Legal system for environment public interest . The concepts of advanced system, the improvation of  democracy and legal system in China,and our breakthrough of the practice are decieded that the Legal system for environment public interest is feasible.According to the construction of the Legal system for environment public interest in China , we should set up a "preventive public interest litigation",and should perfect a mediation procedure before litigation. It should also provide environmental public interest litigation without limitation, the plaintiffs litigation relaxed eligibility. In order to protect the lights of vulnerable groups ,it should set up the Environmental Protection Foundation.

Key word：legal system for public interest; legal system of civil action for environment public interest; the Environmental Protection Charitable Foundation; preventive public interest litigation
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